Triump in The Scarlett Letter by Nathiel Hawthorne

The triumph of an individual against all odds has been a popular trope for all forms of story-telling throughout history. Surrounding these triumphant (or sometimes not) heroes are conflicts that can be categorized into some of the following: man versus man, man versus himself, man versus nature, and man versus society. The conflict between an individual and society is common in American literature due to the qualities of a typical American hero; they often run on their own set of morals and do not fit into their society. However by going through this struggle, characters are able to grow and develop. The varying reaction amongst characters fighting against their society help authors show important character developments as well as provide more insight to their true personalities. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne highlights the empowerment of women in society by having Hester Prynne as his protagonist. Hester is jailed and practically exiled from her town after she is disco vered to have committed adultery. She refuses to reveal her paramour and has to raise her daughter, Pearl, by herself under the scrutiny of town officials. In addition to time in jail, the town makes Hester wear a scarlet letter, which serves as a physical brand that separates her from society. There is a stark contrast between the ornate letter and her otherwise plain clothing. Though the color red is associated with her sin, it also represents Hester’s passion and love. Hester’s love for

Design Engineering And Computer Engineering - 1082 Words

In my early life I want to become a casino owner but now I work as a mechanical design engineer in a defense company. Within our business establishment we designs, develops and delivers sonar apparatus to the Royal Navy and exports apparatus to navies around the globe. Professionally I am a design engineering and delivering projects as well as design support, but I also expert in stress analysis, predominantly finite aspect analysis I have forever had an attention in engineering and mechanical engineering was the most relaxed fit. The company I decided to work for made the work I would be doing sound extremely interesting and presented very strong graduate development modules. Main criteria I am using in choosing to work for the company were varied and appealing work and the chance to develop. On shop floor my main development has been in CAD and finite component analysis software, developing my talent in these tools to use them as professionally as possible. I have also undergone considerable development in soft skills preparation like giving presentations and working in teams. The software training was particular to my role, but the soft skills development has impacts during my working tenure. I like the creativity concerned in my role and the liability. I repeatedly work on demanding projects and it is up to me to develop a way out to a problem. This allows me a broad scope for creativity. I am also finally responsible for my actions so I am given important responsibilityShow MoreRelatedComputer Engineering And Computer Engineer1169 Words   |  5 PagesA computer engineer is a branch of engineers that have been integrated into electronic engineering and computer science. Computer engineers design and develop computers and other technological devices. What do computer engineers do? First we need to look at another type of computer engineer hich is computer hardware engineer. 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It was roman engineers who allowed the city of Rome to be built from theRead MoreComputer Engineering : Becoming A Computer Engineer1386 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Engineering Computer engineering is a very extensive, challenging career. To become a computer engineer you need years of experience and college education. Many people think this career is easy and good paying, but is not that easy, excessive amount of knowledge is needed to become a top class engineer in this field, but that doesn’t mean it is an impossible task. One must understand that computer engineering is a challenge since before one begins studying it. With that kept in mind anRead MoreCAD in the Design Office and the Process of Concurrent Design Engineering 915 Words   |  4 PagesComputer aided design (CAD) is used in design offices around the world because speed and efficiency is extremely valuable. The idea of Concurrent Design Engineering is a relatively new concept that has improved the speed that designers produce a product. Concurrent Design Engineering is a way to integrate all the processes in design back to a three-dimensional geometric data base or a CAD model. All the steps in designing a product have an opportunity to contribute to and be actively informed ofRead MoreA Profile Of Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project1250 Words   |  5 PagesA Profile of Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project Abstract: Interdisciplinary undergraduate engineering programs have increased in importance and significance over past few years. Interdisciplinary research areas are strongly motivated to become disciplines themselves. If they succeed, they can establish their own research funding programs and make their own tenure and promotion decisions. 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What Role Does Language and Language Diversity Play in the Critical Thinking Process Free Essays

Language is one of the greatest tools for people. Through languages we are able to communicate with other people through our sadness, joy, anger and confusion. When there are two people, it is inevitable that our lines will cross and how it resolves depends on communication. We will write a custom essay sample on What Role Does Language and Language Diversity Play in the Critical Thinking Process? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Language helps us organize what we wish to tell the other person. When we don’t know the language well enough, we experience difficulty in understanding each other. Furthermore, it is widely held that knowing more language widens our understanding of our experiences. Part of the reason is because when you learn new languages, you learn the culture that comes with it. For example, we cannot fully learn the Korean language without know in the culture. In the learning process, we must learn the culture within the language itself. We also need to be aware that some words do not translate to other language. In that case, we have to think critically on how we could describe in the best way to communicate. As we do that, we acquire more skill in communicating to another, such as considering what the other person might be experiencing. Language and language diversity play a big part in organizing, summarizing, and most importantly responding to the whole process of critical thinking. In critical thinking, communication is the outcome and language obviously is a big part of communication. Communication requires understanding. As I introduced, language is designed so that we can communicate for understanding what and how we feel. Using visual language such as gestures, signs, and pictures also helps with the process of understanding. Interestingly, words have ambiguous meanings based on the different contexts. It is very important to be able to recognize the context in which the word is used in order that there will be clear critical thinking. I believe that language empowers or limits the expression of our thoughts, however I also know that we have emotions that are very difficult to describe. With a lack of vocabulary, we can have a very difficult time in expressing our true thoughts and feelings. Language is made so that we can communicate our emotions within ourselves, and if it is difficult to deliver that precise message, it has the power to enhance or limit the expression of our thoughts. For instance, if I was to speak with a person who speaks a different language, it will be difficult to deliver the a clear message because of the language barrier. The only thing that could help in the situation is the personal knowledge of the language. If we know the multiple meanings of words and the background of the person you are speaking to, we probably could define terms carefully and position our words correctly. Critical thinking could be the most important role in process of persuasion. First, we have to examine and evaluate the situation from several different points of view in order to establish our opinion. This is very similar to the step of selection in critical thinking. Then, we need to collect the source that supports the opinion. This will help greatly when summarizing the conclusion. In the next step, critical thinking will be used again as we need to realize the importance of understanding the issues. One of the most important aspects that we need to be aware of in persuasion is to understand what the other person is thinking for the purpose of better persuasion. Lastly, we need to summarize the game plan, in other words, how you will present according to the opinion and logical analysis with relevant sources. As I describe this step by step, I am convinced that critical thinking holds a crucial role in persuasion. It is essential to be aware of the power of language. It allows us to communicate and understand to advance in our society. Knowledge will also be passed on through language, and when you combine that knowledge with critical thinking, it will widen your understanding to be able to communicate with different people. When language empowers or limits the expression of our thoughts, we need to think critically to seek for the words that might be able to tell the other person what you really feel. Lastly, persuasion can be interfered by the emotions. We need to maintain within critical thinking to be able to analyze logically. If we do not use the language properly, it will cause misunderstanding, hurt, and damages through communications. However, if we know how to use it right and have the better knowledge and understanding, it will help to make this world to a better place. How to cite What Role Does Language and Language Diversity Play in the Critical Thinking Process?, Essays

What Role Does Language and Language Diversity Play in the Critical Thinking Process Free Essays

Language is one of the greatest tools for people. Through languages we are able to communicate with other people through our sadness, joy, anger and confusion. When there are two people, it is inevitable that our lines will cross and how it resolves depends on communication. We will write a custom essay sample on What Role Does Language and Language Diversity Play in the Critical Thinking Process? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Language helps us organize what we wish to tell the other person. When we don’t know the language well enough, we experience difficulty in understanding each other. Furthermore, it is widely held that knowing more language widens our understanding of our experiences. Part of the reason is because when you learn new languages, you learn the culture that comes with it. For example, we cannot fully learn the Korean language without know in the culture. In the learning process, we must learn the culture within the language itself. We also need to be aware that some words do not translate to other language. In that case, we have to think critically on how we could describe in the best way to communicate. As we do that, we acquire more skill in communicating to another, such as considering what the other person might be experiencing. Language and language diversity play a big part in organizing, summarizing, and most importantly responding to the whole process of critical thinking. In critical thinking, communication is the outcome and language obviously is a big part of communication. Communication requires understanding. As I introduced, language is designed so that we can communicate for understanding what and how we feel. Using visual language such as gestures, signs, and pictures also helps with the process of understanding. Interestingly, words have ambiguous meanings based on the different contexts. It is very important to be able to recognize the context in which the word is used in order that there will be clear critical thinking. I believe that language empowers or limits the expression of our thoughts, however I also know that we have emotions that are very difficult to describe. With a lack of vocabulary, we can have a very difficult time in expressing our true thoughts and feelings. Language is made so that we can communicate our emotions within ourselves, and if it is difficult to deliver that precise message, it has the power to enhance or limit the expression of our thoughts. For instance, if I was to speak with a person who speaks a different language, it will be difficult to deliver the a clear message because of the language barrier. The only thing that could help in the situation is the personal knowledge of the language. If we know the multiple meanings of words and the background of the person you are speaking to, we probably could define terms carefully and position our words correctly. Critical thinking could be the most important role in process of persuasion. First, we have to examine and evaluate the situation from several different points of view in order to establish our opinion. This is very similar to the step of selection in critical thinking. Then, we need to collect the source that supports the opinion. This will help greatly when summarizing the conclusion. In the next step, critical thinking will be used again as we need to realize the importance of understanding the issues. One of the most important aspects that we need to be aware of in persuasion is to understand what the other person is thinking for the purpose of better persuasion. Lastly, we need to summarize the game plan, in other words, how you will present according to the opinion and logical analysis with relevant sources. As I describe this step by step, I am convinced that critical thinking holds a crucial role in persuasion. It is essential to be aware of the power of language. It allows us to communicate and understand to advance in our society. Knowledge will also be passed on through language, and when you combine that knowledge with critical thinking, it will widen your understanding to be able to communicate with different people. When language empowers or limits the expression of our thoughts, we need to think critically to seek for the words that might be able to tell the other person what you really feel. Lastly, persuasion can be interfered by the emotions. We need to maintain within critical thinking to be able to analyze logically. If we do not use the language properly, it will cause misunderstanding, hurt, and damages through communications. However, if we know how to use it right and have the better knowledge and understanding, it will help to make this world to a better place. How to cite What Role Does Language and Language Diversity Play in the Critical Thinking Process?, Essays

Swot anaysis for wallingford rugby club free essay sample

The analyses has come from the collection of primary research data collected by researchers from Group B, Team Wallingford, it was conducted through a semi structured interview with Club secretary the secretary to the Wallingford Rugby Football Club. Using qualitative research methods from a structured designed questionnaire that was designed by Club secretary and additional questions that were designed and structured by Group B, Team Wallingford, a team of student researchers from Oxford Brookes University with the objective to obtain data which could be used to better the future of the Wallingford RFC as part of the preplanning phase for the 2015 Rugby World Cup to be held in England. In addition other quantitative methods from structured questionnaires surveys, designed by other members of the research group were used. Further to these methods existing literature from some secondary research sources was also used i. e. club websites etc. From this data I have managed to put together this SWOT analyses. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot anaysis for wallingford rugby club or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My evaluation findings and conclusion will be made in the following report. Strengths History Wallingford RFC is a well-established club founded in 1967, thus being a recognized name brand in itself attracting players on its reputation. â€Å"WRC is the best rugby club in the 10-15 mile radius of Oxford† according to Club secretary (Ref, A1), indicating the strength of the club brand identifies what lengths players will travel to play for the club i. e. travel 20 minutes to play rather than go to a club closer to them identified in appendix 1 (Ref, C1). Q1 appendix 2 (Ref, H1) identifies the strength of loyalty toward the club by the length of time spent as a club member and as part of the community. Do it for the club† is the motto of WRC. Through increased memberships and thereafter the income from their revenues the higher the membership the more financial stability holding for the club (Ref, L1). Tag Rugby The emerging variations of rugby played by business men i. e. ‘Tag Rugby’ (Ref, A1). Differing from the full contact game, it is increasing future memberships which benefits the club through the business contact it brings for possible future sponsorships and increased funding, plus the additional revenue raised for the use of facilities (Ref, E1). International Tour Established international Tour events for all teams, gives players additional benefits for playing for the club by extending the club season with additional games aimed at players whom love playing all year round and enjoy the rugby social scene (Ref, A1). Additional benefits Players and member’s additional benefits (Ref, N1) offer health care and fitness advice, through the clubs physiotherapist who treats members free of charge and gives nutritionist advice to those who require help i. e. diet plans for those who are trying to lose weight (Ref, A1) which could be the main reason why they play rugby. Club events Established club events i. e. ‘Rugfest’ music festival, is an annual event enjoyed and supported by members and their friends, family and community catchment area (Ref, N1). The event is a major financial provider for the club, with an attendance of over 5000 people (Ref, A1). Therefore raising interest through flyers and poster (Ref, O1) in association of the club and the game of rugby as well as the increasing the brand and club awareness of Wallingford RFC, as well as increasing the brand and club value. The benefits created by this annual occurrence give an assurance of revenue and stability towards the clubs income (Ref, E1). By increasing the reach of awareness through various media used to promote the events or festival it also increases brand awareness and brand value for the club brand thus a desired team to play for and thereafter increasing memberships and revenue (Ref, E1). New technology Social media and technology developments of digital marketing allow the club to extend the reach of the club brand (Ref, E1), allowing better communication among players and coaches as well as to the fans, supporters and spectators with real time information and up to date details of what’s happening at the club, allowing its followers to engage and participate with user generated content (Smith and Zook, 2011) thus feeling a part of the club (Ref, A1). Sponsorship Through sponsorship the club can buy sports equipment needed for teams i. e. rugby balls and kits etc. Sponsorship funding financially (Ref, E1) helps support the club through donations from selected reputable companies (Ref, K1/J1) from within the local community who are willing to shows their strength of support for the club e. g. in particular the main sponsor ‘Rowse’ who is also the main employer in the community which has many employee connection to the club (Ref, A1) . From investing and sharing their good names through a 2 way identification transfer of image increasing brand value and raising the level of the brand dynamic of all parties. This has a positive economic factor by saving the cost of advertising to the club as this would be paid for by the sponsors (Ref, E1), however through media exposure of the club the sponsors would also gain the same benefits. And thus increase its brand awareness in the market place adding brand value to all (Meenaghan and Shipley, 1999). Weaknesses Facilities- Although there are many strengths within the club, there is however a lack of funding for Wallingford RFC’s ‘Sports Park’ facilities which is noted for improving of the poor state of repairs in appendix 3 (Ref, C1). The changing rooms as well as social and catering areas for hospitality are terrible as there is know where to enjoy the game atmosphere. According to Club secretary (Ref, A1) â€Å"They need 2. 5 million spent on a refurbishment† (Ref, A1). These conditions can have an adverse effect to all visiting teams, spectators and home supporters by discouraging customers and decreasing spending in the bar therefore reducing revenue to the clubhouse (Ref, E1). Teams and their supporters would rather go elsewhere. Thus this has created an opportunity for the Old post office to issuing vouchers to winning teams to eat at their restaurant and a loss to the Sports Park. Funding Wallingford RFC is a non-professional team and do not charge admission such as professional football teams therefore no gate revenues is accrued to fund the cost of the refurbishment works needed for the Sports Park facilities (Ref, A1) due to the lack of funds (Ref, E1). Volunteers According to Club secretary (Ref, A1) volunteers are decreasing every year, this due to the participation of time incurred through the socio cultural differences of involvement of the many tasks needed at the club i. e. coaching of junior teams (Ref, E1). which can be very demanding on one’s time and availability. Contributing factors could be the increase in working hours (Ref, A1) in the working man’s week (Ref, E1). However this increases pressure on those who remain to attend the tasks required leaving them feeling more disgruntled by the efforts they are put through. Therefore decreasing morale amongst those who volunteer and therefore increasing the risk of others leaving the club (Ref, A1). Volunteer Coaching Although there is a supported fan base from which to gather volunteers from, their coaching capabilities are of a poorer standard and not adequate enough for top league coaching standards and socio cultural difference (Ref, E1). Many coaches have come from the junior leagues following their children through various stages, however due to the myopia of parents or ex-players following coaching cohesion with their child’s rugby evolution (Ref, A1). What coaching techniques learnt from of a particular age group is never passed on to the following generations and do not look at the bigger picture of the clubs growth through various levels and different standards. Parents therefore preferring to go into an older aged group with their child and having a lesser knowledge of the newer older age group therefore has a disadvantage of the events of the coming seasons. Time spent on coaching is time consuming and due to the average time spent in the working week there is little time left over to coach, this identifies that the quality of experienced coaching techniques cannot simply be passed on to team players otherwise this will lose the beneficial experience and improvement players require, therefore inadequate coaching lowers morale and self-esteem and prompts players to go to other clubs, thus the club retention of that player is lost (Ref, A1). Communications Poor communication will lead to a diversity of the club, thereafter it will lose the dynamics and unity of its members and thus the loss of the combined and increased revenue. Club secretary said (Ref, A1) â€Å"It was a struggle to get mini and juniors to come and support senior teams play. They were trying to work on a more union approach. More unity amongst the groups would be important†. Through good communication a stronger financial team will have the means to take opportunities when they arise (Ref, A1) i. e. this could be done through the use of social media platform technology, such as Facebook which some already use as identified in appendix 4, would give all involved, access to a communication system that would help and inform all concerned, therefore eliminating a communication problem (Ref,E1). Opportunities Emerging associated sports The emerging technical developments (Ref,E1) of the increased awareness of Tag rugby teams (Ref, A1), indicates future interest if supported could see the emergence of new leagues appearing throughout rugby clubs. This identifies the possibility to combine with other clubs and the opportunity to create an affiliated body, with championships tournaments and cups etc. This new team sport could diverse from the common and more traditional game of rugby, however this could prove fruitful and gain an increase in club memberships and revenue (Ref, E1). What is more, through the new business members there could be possibilities to build new relationships with sponsors through the player’s networks. Additionally there is the possibility that players could develop skills and confidence to be enticed into the full contact game experience for the club (Ref, E1). Coaching courses – the sports council invests funding in sports based developments to increase the sports community structure within the UK. This is done at every level throughout the year on hundreds of various different projects. Through the involvement of the RFU and a government backed support the incentive to possibly train players who have an interest in sport to become coaches, fitness instructors or referees as indicated in appendix 5 (Ref, C1). This would benefit the club through numerous ways by increasing volunteers and support of socio cultural benefits which would help the club (Ref, E1) by taking pressure of those existing overworked volunteers (Ref, A1), also through the skills of fitness and knowledge acquired it could be possible to set up a personal training structure for members and the public thus creating another revenue for the club (Ref, E1). Music event growth – ‘Rugfest’ (Ref, A1) attendance could increase capacity though professional marketing on a year on year increase through further research of its consumers’ needs and wants. From obtaining consumer data marketers could analyse and evaluate what the festival consumer required. Thereby by targeting selected consumers through strategically planned marketing promotions they would have a better chance to satisfying them and retaining their loyalty thus increasing the brand value and increase brand awareness. This would also have socio cultural effect on the town of Wallingford, as this would attract and increase the festival audiences generating an influx of visitors to the town (Ref, E1). This would benefit the clubs economics (Ref, E1) and the sport financially from their annual return visits to the festival Town. Through increased popularity of the brand awareness will be gain increasing the strength of the brand value and higher caliber of visitors consumers of the festival by attracting possible influencers i. e. celebrities, key RFU league players. That will help endorse the club and its brand, thus raising the brand awareness and brand value of the club by attracting a broader scope of players from which to draw from. Thus being the preferred team to play for increasing membership’s and revenue. However there may be barriers of legalities and licenses however through the local involvement and community spirit these factors could be overcome by following the same procedures as with previous events held over the past 5 years (Ref, E1). Threats Competition Competition from other clubs threaten the retention of players loyalty due to the professionalism in some of the other clubs that have more financial leverage than Wallingford RFC (Ref,E1) i. e. Banbury RFC ((Ref. A1) has wealthy key sponsors who are financially willing to pay players to play in order for their team to win and increase the awareness and brand value of the club and sponsors brand name. This can be an incentive to lure any players wishing to earn extra cash in the present economic climate where they can get paid for something they like doing (Ref,E1), as a rule this is something WRFC have decline to participate in as it is not in their constitute to do so (Ref, A1). Non- participation of rugby The lack of interest shown in some schools due to either teachers or pupil’s lack of interest in non-participation in rugby as a whole through a social cultural issue (Ref, E1), will decline the lifeblood and players entering the sport of rugby (Ref, A1). Therefore it is important to create an awareness to compensate for the lack of interest shown. Available free time Other choices The emergence of other sports, entertainment, lifestyles and pastimes of a social cultural nature are major deciding influences of a participants limitations and their available time becomes a key factor when making a choice (Ref, E1). Increase in the working week limits available time to play rugby (Ref, A1) therefore the decline in the population of rugby participation as a whole and consequently clubs could reduce in size (Ref, A1). Therefore revenues deplete from the lack of memberships and revenue. Through larger overheads expenses become a much greater financial burden and thus greater pressure is forced upon those clubs, possibly causing them to disband.

Adlai Stevenson, Statesman and Presidential Candidate

Adlai Stevenson, Statesman and Presidential Candidate Adlai Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American politician known for his sharp wit, eloquence, and popularity among intellectuals and the so-called egghead vote in the United States. A Democrat born into a long family bloodline of politicians and civil servants, Stevenson worked as a journalist and served as governor of Illinois before running for president twice and losing both times. He rose in stature as a diplomat and statesman after his failed bids for the White House in the 1950s. Fast Facts: Adlai Stevenson Full Name: Adlai Ewing Stevenson IIKnown For: U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. and two-time Democratic presidential candidateBorn: Feb. 5, 1900 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaParents: Lewis Green and Helen Davis StevensonDied: July 14, 1965 in London, EnglandEducation: B.A., Princeton University and J.D., Northwestern UniversityKey Accomplishments: Participated in negotiations during the Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War. Signed a 1963 treaty in Moscow banning nuclear weapons testing.Spouse: Ellen Borden (m. 1928-1949)Children: Adlai Ewing III, Borden, and John Fell Early Years Adlai Ewing Stevenson II was born on February 5, 1900 in Los Angeles, California, to Lewis Green and Helen Davis Stevenson. His family was well connected. His father, a friend of publisher William Randolph Hearst, was an executive who managed Hearsts California newspapers and oversaw the companys copper mines in Arizona. Stevenson later told a journalist who wanted to write about book about him, My life has been hopelessly undramatic. I wasnt born in a log cabin. I didnt work my way through school nor did I rise from rags to riches, and theres no use trying to pretend I did. Im not a Wilkie and I dont claim to be a simple, barefoot La Salle Street lawyer. Stevenson got his first real taste of politics at age 12, when he met New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson. Wilson asked about the young mans interest in public affairs, and Stevenson left the meeting determined to attend Wilsons alma mater, Princeton University. Stevensons family moved from California to Bloomington, Illinois, where young Adlai spent most of his childhood years. He attended University High School in Normal for three years before his parents withdrew him and placed him in Choate Preparatory School in Connecticut. After two years at Choate, Stevenson headed to Princeton, where he studied history and literature and served as managing editor of the The Daily Princetonian newspaper. He graduated in 1922 and then began working toward his law degree- first at another Ivy League school, Harvard University, where he spent two years, then Northwestern University, from which he obtained his law degree, in 1926. In between Harvard and Northwestern, Stevenson worked as a reporter and editor at the family newspaper, The Pentagraph, in Bloomington. Stevenson went to work practicing law but would eventually ignore the advice of his father- Never go into politics, Lewis Stevenson told his son- and ran for governor of the state. Political Career Stevenson served as governor of Illinois from 1948 to 1952. However, the roots of his political career can be traced to more than a decade earlier, when he worked with President Franklin D. Roosevelt on the details of the New Deal. Eventually, he was recruited to take on the corrupt administration of Republican Illinois Gov. Dwight H. Green, which was known as the Green Machine. Stevensons resounding victory on a campaign platform of good government propelled him into the national spotlight and eventually paved the way for his nomination at the 1952 Democratic National Convention. The 1952 presidential campaign was largely about the threat of communism and government waste in the U.S. It placed Stevenson against a popular Republican, General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower won handily, taking nearly 34 million popular votes to Stevensons 27 million. The Electoral College results were crushing; Eisenhower won 442 to Stevensons 89. The result four years later was the same, even though the incumbent Eisenhower had just survived a heart attack. Stevenson Turns Down Russian Help in 1960 Election In early 1960, Stevenson stated that while he would run if drafted, he would not seek a third Democratic presidential nomination. However, then-Senator John F. Kennedy was very actively seeking the nomination. While Stevenson’s 1956 campaign promise to oppose U.S. nuclear weapons development and military growth had not resonated with American voters, it did convince the Soviet government that he was â€Å"someone they could work with.† According to Stevenson’s personal biographer and historian John Bartlow Martin, Soviet ambassador to the U.S. Mikhail A. Menshikov met with Stevenson at the Russian embassy on January 16, 1960 on the premise of thanking him for helping arrange Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev’s visit to the U.S. But at some point during caviar and vodka, Menshikov read Stevenson a note from Khrushchev himself encouraging him to oppose Kennedy and make another presidential run. â€Å"We are concerned with the future, and that America has the right President,† Khrushchev’s note read, in part: â€Å"All countries are concerned with the American election. It is impossible for us not to be concerned about our future and the American Presidency which is so important to everybody everywhere.† In the note, Khrushchev went on to ask Stevenson for suggestions on how the Soviet press could â€Å"assist Mr. Stevenson’s personal success.† Specifically, Khrushchev suggested that the Soviet press might help endear American voters to Stevenson by criticizing his â€Å"many harsh and critical† statements about the Soviet Union and Communism. â€Å"Mr. Stevenson will know best what would help him,† Khrushchev’s note concluded. In later recounting the meeting for his biography, Stevenson told author John Bartlow Martin, that after thanking the Soviet ambassador for delivering the offer and Premier Khrushchev for his â€Å"expression of confidence,† Stevenson then told Menshikov of his â€Å"grave misgivings about the propriety or wisdom of any interference, direct or indirect, in the American election, and I mentioned to him the precedent of the British Ambassador and Grover Cleveland.† Which caused Menshikov to accuse President Eisenhower of interfering in recent British and German elections. Always the diplomat, Stevenson politely declined the Soviet leader’s offer of assistance and repeated his refusal to seek the nomination. Kennedy would go on the win both the Democratic nomination and the 1960 presidential election over Republican Richard Nixon. Ambassador to the United Nations President John F. Kennedy appointed Stevenson, who had a deep knowledge of foreign affairs and popularity among Democrats, as the ambassador to the United Nations in 1961. President Lyndon B. Johnson reconfirmed him for the position later. Stevenson served as ambassador to the U.N. during a tumultuous time, through debates over the Bay of Pigs and Cuban missile crises and the Vietnam War. It was a role for which Stevenson ultimately became famous, known for his moderation, compassion, civility, and grace. He served in the post until his death four and a half years later. Marriage and Personal Life Stevenson married Ellen Borden in 1928. The couple had three sons: Adlai Ewing III, Borden, and John Fell. They divorced in 1949 because, among other reasons, Stevensons wife was said to have loathed politics. Famous Quotes Perhaps no other quote sums up Stevensons worldview better than his call for peace and unity before the United Nations in Geneva in 1965: We travel together, passengers on a little space ship, dependent on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil; all committed for our safety to its security and peace; preserved from annihilation only by the care, the work, and I will say, the love we give our fragile craft. We cannot maintain it half fortunate, half miserable, half confident, half despairing, half slave to the ancient enemies of man half free in a liberation of resources undreamed of until this day. No craft, no crew can travel with such vast contradictions. On their resolution depends the survival of us all. Death and Legacy Just five days after making that speech in Geneva, on July 14, 1965, Stevenson died of a heart attack while visiting London, England. The New York Times announced his death this way: To the public dialogue of his time he brought intelligence, civility and grace. We who have been his contemporaries have been companions of greatness. Stevenson is, of course, frequently remembered for his two failed bids for president. But he also left a legacy as an effective and polished statesman who won respect from his international peers and made a point of meeting personally with representatives of each of the 116 governors in the organization. Sources Adlai Ewing Stevenson: An Urbane, Witty, Articulate Politician and Diplomat. The New York Times, July 15, 1965.Adlai Stevenson II Biography, The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project at The George Washington University.Adlai Today, McLean County Museum of History, Bloomington, Illinois.Adlai Stevenson II, Stevenson Center for Community and Economic Development at the Illinois State University.Martin, John Bartlow (1977). .An Immodest Proposal: Nikita To Adlai American Heritage Vol. 28, Issue 5.

How to Pass a Test

How to Pass a Test We sometimes spend so much time using flashcards and memorizing terms that we dont get around to really  gaining a deep understanding of the material were supposed to be  learning!  The fact is, many students dont realize that there is a difference between memorizing and learning.Memorizing terms and definitions may help you prepare for some types of tests, but as you advance into higher grades, youll find that teachers (and professors) expect a lot more from you on test day. You may go from providing definitions to words in middle school, for example, to more advanced types of responses like long answer essays when you reach high school and college. For those more complex question and answer types, youll need to be able to put your new terms and phrases in context. There is a way to know if youre really ready for any test question the teacher can throw at you. This strategy is designed to help you take the knowledge youve gained about a subject and explain it in context And you can learn this strategy in three steps! First, develop a list of all the terms (new words) and concepts contained in your material.  Find a way to randomly pick two of these terms. (No picking and choosing!) For example, you could use index cards or scraps of paper to write the term on one side and then place them face-down. Then select two different cards. The strategy works best if you actually manage to pick two (seemingly) unrelated words.Now that you have two unrelated terms or concepts, your challenge is to write a paragraph (or several) to show the connection between the two. It may seem impossible at first, but it is not!Remember that any two terms from the same class will be related. You just have to create a path from one to the other to show how the topics are related. And you cant possibly do this unless you really know the material. Tips for Passing Your Test Repeat the process of selecting random terms until youve done several different combinations of terms.Every time you write your paragraph(s) to connect the terms, use as many other terms as you can. You will begin to build a web of knowledge and begin to understand how everything relates to everything else in your notes.Once youve studied this way, follow up with a friend a day or two later. Use a study partner and write up practice essay questions and exchange them. Make sure that each answer contains at least two of the terms youve practiced.